The isotope pattern tells you the charge, and the charge tells you the mass
A peptide has a monoisotopic mass and an average mass, they differ by several daltons at this molecular size, and a certificate that does not say which it quotes cannot be…
Explainers in 2024
Page 4 of 5 of this archive, newest first.
Residual stomach content on endoscopy: the studies
A drug that delays gastric emptying complicates the assumption behind every fasting instruction in perioperative medicine. The professional bodies have moved twice on this…
The incidence tables, read line by line
Trial adverse-event tables count episodes reported to a study nurse. They are the best data we have and they systematically under-record the mundane.
Dual, triple, co-formulated: a taxonomy the coverage keeps collapsing
Head-to-head data exists for some of these comparisons and not for others. This piece says which.
The one place the insulin literature and this class agree completely
Repeated injection into the same small area produces lipohypertrophy — thickened, rubbery subcutaneous tissue with blunted and erratic absorption. It is common, it is…
GIP was a failed target for thirty years. Then it was not.
What adding GIP activity does, on the current evidence, and what remains unresolved.
Tolerability is the ceiling, and the ceiling is personal
The ceiling varies severalfold between people, and nothing measurable at baseline predicts where it sits.
The impurity hiding underneath the parent peak
The most useful single addition to any purity determination is a second separation under a different pH or on a different stationary phase, and the second-most useful is a…
Why two wavelengths on one run would settle several arguments
Non-chromophoric components — counter-ions, salts, some excipients — contribute mass to the vial and nothing at all to the chromatogram.
Twelve things a real certificate has, and what their absence means
The header identifies the batch, the table records the tests, and the footer says who is answerable. Two of the three are usually incomplete.
Reflux, early satiety, and the volume the stomach will accept
What scintigraphy and breath-test studies established about emptying rate, and what they did not.
The specification sheet says 500,000. The report says conforms.
Calibration drift is real, unremarkable, and the reason serious laboratories run internal standards.
The template economy: one certificate, many products
A blank certificate with the numbers left editable is an ordinary internal document. Its circulation as a finished record is the problem.
The interventions with trial support, and the much longer list without
Almost nothing in the standard management repertoire has been tested in a randomised trial in this specific population. We say what is extrapolated and from where.
When a template becomes a misrepresentation
A blank certificate with the numbers left editable is an ordinary internal document. Its circulation as a finished record is the problem.
Escalating past the approved maximum, examined honestly
The ceiling in this class is anatomical: the same receptor populations that suppress appetite provoke nausea, and they saturate together.
What the anaesthetists said, and then said again
What endoscopic and ultrasound studies found about residual gastric content, and what the aspiration data does and does not support.
The site you keep using is the site that stops working
Repeated injection into the same small area produces lipohypertrophy — thickened, rubbery subcutaneous tissue with blunted and erratic absorption. It is common, it is…
Specification and result are two columns, and only one of them is a measurement
Statements of conformity are supposed to rest on a stated decision rule. Almost nothing in this trade states one.
What high resolution actually buys you
Parts per million sound impressive until they are converted into daltons at the molecular weight of the thing being measured.