Every letter we have printed
Page 68 of 77 of this archive, newest first.
On “Residual stomach content on endoscopy: the studies” — Explainers, 23 Apr 2024
I stopped at week six because I could not keep anything down for three days, and my prescriber told me I had not given it a fair chance. Reading your definition of dose-limiting, I think what happened was that nobody offered me the option of going back to the lower dose. It was escalate or stop.
— W. Stroud, Chattanooga, TN
That binary is the specific failure this file was written against. Stepping back a rung and re-approaching later is permitted in every pivotal protocol in this class and is absent from most conversations about it. We cannot comment on your care, but the framing you were given does not reflect either the trial conduct or the labelling.
On “Residual stomach content on endoscopy: the studies” — Explainers, 23 Apr 2024
As an anaesthetist I read the perioperative section with interest and one objection. You frame disclosure as the patient obligation. In my experience the failure is more often ours: the pre-assessment questionnaire in my own institution did not include these drugs until eighteen months after the first guidance appeared.
— H. Ravensworth, York
A fair correction and we have amended the text. If the question is not on the form, the absence of an answer is not a patient failure. We would be interested to hear from readers in other institutions about whether their pre-assessment documentation has caught up.
On “What the upper limit of normal for ALT should be, and why it is not” — Clinical Trials, 22 Apr 2024
You give the reference change value for ALT as about sixty per cent, which strikes me as so large as to make routine monitoring of it pointless. Is that your position?
— C. Nightingale, Plymouth
Not quite. It makes monitoring for small movements pointless, which is different. A doubling is well outside the RCV and is a real signal; a rise from 28 to 41 is not. The value of the test lies in detecting the former, and much of the anxiety it generates comes from acting on the latter.
On “What the upper limit of normal for ALT should be, and why it is not” — Clinical Trials, 22 Apr 2024
Correction to your HbA1c section. You write that chronic kidney disease lowers HbA1c through shortened erythrocyte survival. It can also raise measured values on some assay platforms through carbamylated haemoglobin interference. The net direction depends on the method.
— J. Kettleborough, Nottingham
Correct, and the omission was ours. The paragraph now says so, and it is a good example of why the assay method belongs alongside the value.
On “What the upper limit of normal for ALT should be, and why it is not” — Clinical Trials, 22 Apr 2024
I stopped treatment fifteen weeks ago and my panel is worse than I expected. I had a panel at five weeks that looked fine and I had assumed I had escaped. Your point about the twelve-week timing was the explanation nobody offered me.
— L. Whitcombe, Christchurch
On “What the upper limit of normal for ALT should be, and why it is not” — Clinical Trials, 22 Apr 2024
My eGFR has risen from 71 to 84 over fourteen months of treatment and I have lost twenty-six kilograms. My prescriber described this as the drug protecting my kidneys. Having read your creatinine section, I suspect it is mostly that I have less muscle. Which of us is right?
— J. Mbatha, Durban
On the information given, probably you, at least in part. A rise of that size during weight loss of that magnitude is well within what reduced creatinine production can produce. A cystatin C-based estimate alongside the creatinine one would separate the two, and is the measurement worth asking for. It is also possible both things are happening.
On “A document, not a test: what a certificate actually is” — The Supply Chain, 20 Apr 2024
On the accreditation-scope point: most private buyers will not know which accreditation body to search. It would be more useful to publish the four or five registers that cover the laboratories this market actually uses than to tell readers the registers exist.
— A. Chowdhury, Dhaka
Agreed, and the standards desk is compiling exactly that. It will appear as a standing reference page rather than inside an article, so that it can be kept current.
On “A document, not a test: what a certificate actually is” — The Supply Chain, 20 Apr 2024
I have a certificate with an expiry date twenty-four months from manufacture and no stability data behind it, which your article says is a claim the documentation cannot support. The supplier tells me it is industry standard. Is it?
— M. Bogdanović, Podgorica
Twenty-four months is a common default and “industry standard” is an accurate description of the practice rather than a justification of the claim. The distinction we would press is between an expiry date, which asserts shelf life, and a retest date, which asserts only a review interval. The second is defensible without stability data. The first is not.
On “Retest date, expiry date, and the two conventions being confused” — The Supply Chain, 20 Apr 2024
Your ten-minute check told me in about ninety seconds that the batch number on my certificate appears nowhere on the vial. I wrote to the supplier and had a straightforward answer within a day: the certificate covers the bulk lot and the vial carries a fill code. I would never have known to ask.
— G. Escalante, Lima
That is exactly the intended use, and the supplier’s answer is the correct one. The remaining question is why the relationship between the two codes is not printed on the document, since it takes a line.
On “Retest date, expiry date, and the two conventions being confused” — The Supply Chain, 20 Apr 2024
You describe reused chromatogram images as a tell. I work in a contract laboratory and I would note that some data systems export a representative overlay rather than the individual injection, so identical-looking traces can occur legitimately across a batch series. It is still worth asking about; it is not the smoking gun your article implies.
— D. Iversen, Aalborg
A useful qualification and the text has been softened. The observation remains worth making; the inference we drew from it was stronger than the practice supports.
On “Non-responders, and the honest state of the evidence about them” — Pharmacology, 19 Apr 2024
I have read three separate articles this month describing cagrilintide as a GLP-1 agonist and one describing tirzepatide as "semaglutide with an extra bit". Thank you for the glossary. Please run it again.
— B. Wojciechowski, Kraków
On “Non-responders, and the honest state of the evidence about them” — Pharmacology, 19 Apr 2024
The claim that nothing at baseline predicts response is too strong. Surely baseline BMI, sex and diabetes status shift the expected outcome — the trials stratify on exactly those variables.
— B. Tejeda, Santo Domingo
They shift the mean, which is why the trials stratify. They barely narrow the distribution around it, which is the claim we made. Both statements are in the responder analyses and we should have distinguished them more carefully in the paragraph you are objecting to.
On “Non-responders, and the honest state of the evidence about them” — Pharmacology, 19 Apr 2024
As a community pharmacist I would add one thing to your section on missed doses: the label window matters less than whether the patient then double-doses to "catch up". I have seen that twice this year and both times the patient believed they were following instructions.
— R. Devaney, Ballarat, VIC
Noted, and worth stating plainly: the pharmacokinetics give no basis whatever for doubling a dose after an omission. We will say so explicitly next time the subject comes up.
On “Freezing a reconstituted vial: the ice-water interface problem” — Analytics, 16 Apr 2024
Your table of degradation pathways lists racemisation and then says it is essentially never reported. If it is never reported, on what basis do you list it as a real risk rather than a theoretical one?
— P. Sarkissian, Beirut
On the basis of the synthesis and analytical literature, where epimer formation during solid-phase assembly and during storage at extremes of pH is well characterised. What is missing is not evidence that it occurs but evidence about how much of it is present in any particular commercial vial, which is a different absence and the one we should have named.
On “The number at the bottom of the certificate” — Analytics, 16 Apr 2024
I run a small analytical laboratory and I want to defend the twelve-minute method. It is fit for the purpose it is sold for: confirming that a sample is broadly what it claims to be, at a price a private buyer will actually pay. The problem is not the method. It is suppliers printing its output as though it were a release specification.
— M. Ferrari, Trieste
We agree, and the article should have said so more plainly. The criticism is of the use, not the method.
On “The number at the bottom of the certificate” — Analytics, 16 Apr 2024
Why anonymise the four services? Naming them is the only way a reader can act on this.
— K. Rautio, Tampere
Because the finding is that four defensible methods give four different answers, and naming them would have turned that into a league table of honesty, which is not what we measured. We have since published a named comparison in a separate piece, with each laboratory’s method printed in full alongside its result.
On “The number at the bottom of the certificate” — Analytics, 16 Apr 2024
Your point about the 280 nm wavelength is the most useful thing I have read this year. I checked the four certificates in my drawer and two of them read at 280.
— H. Barreto, Recife
On “Dual, triple, co-formulated: a taxonomy the coverage keeps collapsing” — Explainers, 15 Apr 2024
You describe biased agonism as "legitimate and probably important" and then decline to say which molecules are biased in which direction. That is a strange place to stop.
— M. Karlsen, Kristiansand
It is, and it is deliberate. The published bias factors for these ligands are measured in different systems and are not comparable to one another. We would rather stop than publish a ranking that the underlying assays cannot support.
On “Dual, triple, co-formulated: a taxonomy the coverage keeps collapsing” — Explainers, 15 Apr 2024
I found the section on the area postrema genuinely clarifying. I had assumed nausea was a stomach problem and had been treating it as one, unsuccessfully, for four months.
— N. Fairweather, Hamilton
On “Dual, triple, co-formulated: a taxonomy the coverage keeps collapsing” — Explainers, 15 Apr 2024
Your accumulation table gives 2.0 for a seven-day half-life at weekly dosing. I make it 2.0 as well, but I would point out that this assumes complete absorption of each dose, which for subcutaneous peptides is a generous assumption.
— G. Papadakis, Thessaloniki
Correct, and the table now carries that caveat. The ratio is unaffected by a constant bioavailability factor, but the absolute concentrations obviously are.
On “Dual, triple, co-formulated: a taxonomy the coverage keeps collapsing” — Explainers, 15 Apr 2024
As a community pharmacist I would add one thing to your section on missed doses: the label window matters less than whether the patient then double-doses to "catch up". I have seen that twice this year and both times the patient believed they were following instructions.
— O. Brannigan, Galway
Noted, and worth stating plainly: the pharmacokinetics give no basis whatever for doubling a dose after an omission. We will say so explicitly next time the subject comes up.
On “The one place the insulin literature and this class agree completely” — Explainers, 14 Apr 2024
You spend a page on the four-line calculation and then publish a reconstitution table anyway. Are you not providing exactly the pre-computed number you warned against?
— M. Bogdanović, Podgorica
A fair catch, and the reason the table carries the note it does. It is indexed by both vial mass and diluent volume precisely so that it cannot be read as a single fixed answer, and it is preceded by the derivation. If we thought a reader would take one figure from it and carry that figure across a change of vial, we would remove it.
On “The one place the insulin literature and this class agree completely” — Explainers, 14 Apr 2024
A quibble on your dead-space figure. You give two to seven microlitres for insulin-type needles, which is right for fixed-needle syringes, but the detachable pen needle plus syringe hub combinations sold in this market are considerably worse and you should say so.
— A. Chowdhury, Dhaka
Accepted and amended. The figure we gave applies to integrated fixed-needle insulin syringes; detachable arrangements on a luer fitting can retain an order of magnitude more, which at small injection volumes is a substantial loss. The table now distinguishes them.
On “The one place the insulin literature and this class agree completely” — Explainers, 14 Apr 2024
I gave myself a tenth of my intended dose for five weeks. I had been using insulin syringes, ran out, and used the 1 mL syringes that came with the vials, which are marked in millilitres. I did not notice because the plunger was in roughly the same place. Nobody warned me these were different scales.
— P. Hollingsworth, Norwich
This is the error we rank first for magnitude and we are grateful for the account, because it happened exactly as the mechanism predicts: a substitution that produced no visible signal. The one structural defence is to buy syringes deliberately and keep to a single type rather than using whatever arrives in the parcel.
On “A schedule that bends does not break” — Pharmacology, 14 Apr 2024
You keep insisting on peptide content rather than purity when discussing dose certainty. I have looked at a dozen certificates from four different testing services and content is reported on perhaps a third of them. What are readers supposed to do with an absence?
— A. Basaraba, Winnipeg, MB
Treat the nominal figure as an upper bound and say so out loud when reasoning about a dose. It is an unsatisfying answer and it is the honest one. We have argued in Analytics that content should be a standard reported field, and we will keep naming the services that report it and those that do not.
On “A schedule that bends does not break” — Pharmacology, 14 Apr 2024
Your piece treats the four-week step as arithmetic, and I accept the arithmetic, but my prescriber moved me up every two weeks and I reached the top dose without difficulty. I do not think the schedule is as constraining as you suggest.
— P. McAlinden, Belfast
Nor do we, and the file should have been clearer. The four-week interval is a floor below which the previous rung is still accumulating, not a threshold below which escalation is unsafe. Plenty of people tolerate faster ascent. Our objection is to the inverse inference — that because you did, everybody should — and to the absence of a trial that would let anyone say which is which in advance.
On “The submitted sample: the weakest link in the whole system” — The Ledger, 13 Apr 2024
The price table is the most useful thing you have published this year and also the thing most likely to be quoted out of context by somebody selling a comparison service. You might consider a note.
— W. Stroud, Chattanooga, TN
There is one, and we have strengthened it. The figures are what this publication was invoiced at list rates and are not quotations a reader should expect; volume submitters pay materially less.
On “Why the bone question is harder than the muscle question” — Laboratory Notebook, 13 Apr 2024
Small correction to your table: the S-LiTE exercise prescription was two supervised group sessions and two individual sessions weekly, not two sessions in total. The distinction matters because "add some exercise" is not what was tested.
— H. Ravensworth, York
Correct, and that is precisely the point we were trying to make and then undermined in our own table. Amended.
On “Why the bone question is harder than the muscle question” — Laboratory Notebook, 13 Apr 2024
I am sixty-eight, I have lost nineteen kilograms over fourteen months, and my consultant has twice told me my lean mass is fine on the basis of a handheld bioimpedance device in the clinic corridor. Having read your piece on what that device measures, I am no longer sure what I have been reassured about.
— E. Marchetti, Bologna
Nor are we. A handheld device measures impedance across the upper body and infers the rest, and the inference is least reliable exactly where you sit: older, substantial weight change, changing hydration. That is not a criticism of your consultant’s judgement, which may be sound on other grounds, but the device is not the evidence for it.
On “Why the bone question is harder than the muscle question” — Laboratory Notebook, 13 Apr 2024
Your piece treats the one-quarter rule as discredited and then quotes fractions of one third and two fifths from the substudies as though those were more solid. They are group means from a hundred and forty people. Physician, heal thyself.
— L. Dziedzic, Wrocław
A fair hit, and we have amended the paragraph to carry the same caveat in both places. The distinction we should have drawn is that the substudy figures are at least attached to a stated population and a stated instrument, which the textbook rule is not. Neither is a constant.
On “Why the bone question is harder than the muscle question” — Laboratory Notebook, 13 Apr 2024
I train four times a week, eat a hundred and sixty grams of protein and my appendicular lean mass has fallen by 1.8 kg over ten months while every lift has gone up. Your section on mass against function was the first thing I have read that made that seem normal rather than a failure.
— E. Beauchamp, Ottawa, ON
On “Why the bone question is harder than the muscle question” — Laboratory Notebook, 13 Apr 2024
As a DXA technologist of twenty-two years I would add one thing to your precision section: the largest source of error in practice is not the machine, it is positioning. A patient scanned with their arms two centimetres further from their trunk will report different regional values. We are trained to a protocol and the protocol is not always followed.
— B. Wojciechowski, Kraków
We should have said this and did not. It also argues for what you presumably practise: same device, same technologist, same protocol, and a note in the record when any of those changes.
On “The mechanism behind the mechanism” — Patient Notes, 12 Apr 2024
A small point of precision. You use "gastroparesis" in the tag list and then spend a paragraph saying it is not a synonym for drug-induced emptying delay. That is a slightly awkward position to hold.
— M. Ferrari, Trieste
It is, and it is a compromise with how readers search. The tag exists because that is the word people use; the glossary exists because it is the wrong one. We would rather be findable and then precise than precise and unread.
On “Why people actually stop, in the order they actually stop” — The Ledger, 10 Apr 2024
I stopped eight months ago after reaching a weight I was happy with, and I have regained four of the twenty-two kilograms I lost. Every article I read told me to expect two-thirds back. I am not complaining, but I would like to know whether I am unusual or whether the two-thirds figure was always a mean concealing an enormous range.
— T. Brannon, Boise, ID
The second. The published interquartile ranges around those means are wide, and outcomes like yours are well within them. The trials were not designed to explain why some people hold weight after cessation and others do not, and nothing measured at randomisation predicts it usefully. You are not an anomaly; you are part of a distribution nobody quotes.
On “Why people actually stop, in the order they actually stop” — The Ledger, 10 Apr 2024
You describe the maintenance strategy of stepping down one dose and holding for eight to twelve weeks as something clinicians report doing, and then say it is not a recommendation. That distinction will be lost on most readers, and printing the protocol makes you a source for it whether you intend to be or not.
— S. Lindgren, Uppsala
This is the hardest editorial question this department faces and we do not think you are wrong. Our position is that a practice this widespread is better described accurately, with its evidentiary status stated, than left to circulate in fragments. We accept that the distinction does work that a reader may not do.
On “Why people actually stop, in the order they actually stop” — The Ledger, 10 Apr 2024
I lost access for eleven weeks during the shortage, restarted at the dose I had been on because nobody told me otherwise, and spent a fortnight unable to keep food down. I had been on that dose for seven months without difficulty. Reading your resumption section was the first time anybody explained it.
— T. Nkemelu, Port Harcourt
It is entirely predictable from the label and the pharmacokinetics, and the failure to communicate it during the shortage period was systemic rather than individual. We are sorry it reached you this way and we are glad it reached you.
On “Why people actually stop, in the order they actually stop” — The Ledger, 10 Apr 2024
Your piece describes tapering as pharmacologically pointless and then spends three paragraphs making a case for it. Pick one.
— L. Nyoni, Harare
Both, we think, and deliberately. There is no pharmacological rationale, because there is no withdrawal syndrome and a week-long half-life produces its own decline. There is a behavioural rationale, which is different in kind and untested. Our objection is to tapers advocated in pharmacological language, not to the practice.
On “Why people actually stop, in the order they actually stop” — The Ledger, 10 Apr 2024
You say no dose-equivalence data exists between agents in this class. During the shortage my pharmacy substituted one for another on the basis of a conversion table they had printed from somewhere. Where would such a table have come from?
— L. Marulanda, Medellín
Almost certainly from cross-trial comparison of weight-loss percentages, which is not an equivalence basis. There is no head-to-head dose-titration study permitting conversion between these agents, and STEP 8 — the only head-to-head weight trial we know of — compared two agents at their own licensed doses rather than establishing equivalence between them.
On “GIP was a failed target for thirty years. Then it was not.” — Pharmacology, 10 Apr 2024
The claim that nothing at baseline predicts response is too strong. Surely baseline BMI, sex and diabetes status shift the expected outcome — the trials stratify on exactly those variables.
— B. Osei-Bonsu, Kumasi
They shift the mean, which is why the trials stratify. They barely narrow the distribution around it, which is the claim we made. Both statements are in the responder analyses and we should have distinguished them more carefully in the paragraph you are objecting to.
On “GIP was a failed target for thirty years. Then it was not.” — Pharmacology, 10 Apr 2024
I have read three separate articles this month describing cagrilintide as a GLP-1 agonist and one describing tirzepatide as "semaglutide with an extra bit". Thank you for the glossary. Please run it again.
— L. Kowalski, Gdańsk