Every letter we have printed
Page 43 of 77 of this archive, newest first.
On “Why Janoshik may run electrospray where another laboratory runs MALDI” — Laboratory Notebook, 16 Feb 2025
Your article says a matching mass does not confirm a sequence, which is correct, and then rather implies that vendors are trading on the ambiguity. I run analytical services and I would put it differently: we report what we measured, in the words our clients ask for. If the Journal wants the word confirmed retired, write to the buyers, not to us.
— B. Tejeda, Santo Domingo
That is a fair reallocation of the criticism and we accept it. The word is chosen by whoever commissions the report, and laboratories are answering the question they were paid to answer. Our complaint is with the practice, not with the analysts, and the article should have located it more precisely.
On “Why Janoshik may run electrospray where another laboratory runs MALDI” — Laboratory Notebook, 16 Feb 2025
I would add one omission to your six lines: the date and nature of the last calibration. A parts-per-million figure from an instrument last calibrated a fortnight ago is a different claim from one calibrated that morning with an internal standard.
— B. Wojciechowski, Kraków
Agreed, and it may be the best suggestion we have received on this subject. It is now a seventh line in the version of the list we send to suppliers, with the note that internal calibration should be stated where it was used.
On “Why Janoshik may run electrospray where another laboratory runs MALDI” — Laboratory Notebook, 16 Feb 2025
The claim that a reproduced spectrum is worth more than any number in the document seems overstated. Most buyers cannot read a spectrum, and a printed image invites false confidence rather than scrutiny.
— E. Beauchamp, Ottawa, ON
Partly conceded. A spectrum is worth more to a reader who can read one, and this department exists partly to increase that number. But it is also an artefact that can be checked by a third party later, which a bare verdict is not, and that alone justifies printing it.
On “A year after stopping: what the trials found at the far end” — Clinical Trials, 16 Feb 2025
You describe the maintenance strategy of stepping down one dose and holding for eight to twelve weeks as something clinicians report doing, and then say it is not a recommendation. That distinction will be lost on most readers, and printing the protocol makes you a source for it whether you intend to be or not.
— H. Fitzmaurice, Preston
This is the hardest editorial question this department faces and we do not think you are wrong. Our position is that a practice this widespread is better described accurately, with its evidentiary status stated, than left to circulate in fragments. We accept that the distinction does work that a reader may not do.
On “A year after stopping: what the trials found at the far end” — Clinical Trials, 16 Feb 2025
I stopped eight months ago after reaching a weight I was happy with, and I have regained four of the twenty-two kilograms I lost. Every article I read told me to expect two-thirds back. I am not complaining, but I would like to know whether I am unusual or whether the two-thirds figure was always a mean concealing an enormous range.
— B. Sundqvist, Turku
The second. The published interquartile ranges around those means are wide, and outcomes like yours are well within them. The trials were not designed to explain why some people hold weight after cessation and others do not, and nothing measured at randomisation predicts it usefully. You are not an anomaly; you are part of a distribution nobody quotes.
On “The trade has decided the ceiling is arbitrary. The trials disagree.” — Pharmacology, 15 Feb 2025
You describe the plateau as an energy-balance event and dismiss receptor desensitisation. Is there not a third possibility — that adherence quietly falls off at around a year and the plateau is partly a behavioural artefact of the trial rather than a physiological one?
— A. Chowdhury, Dhaka
There is, and it is a better objection than the desensitisation argument. Adherence does decline over the second year of the long programmes, and the treatment-policy analyses absorb that decline into the mean. We should have said that the plateau is very likely a composite of energy balance and falling adherence, in proportions the published analyses do not separate cleanly.
On “The trade has decided the ceiling is arbitrary. The trials disagree.” — Pharmacology, 15 Feb 2025
The claim that nobody has randomised escalation intervals is too strong. There are protocol amendments in several programmes that effectively created slower-titration cohorts, and some of those have been analysed post hoc.
— M. Bogdanović, Podgorica
Post-hoc comparison of cohorts created by amendment is not randomisation, and treating it as such is exactly the elision we were objecting to. We accept that such analyses exist and are informative; we maintain that they cannot settle the question, and the file now says so in those terms.
On “The trade has decided the ceiling is arbitrary. The trials disagree.” — Pharmacology, 15 Feb 2025
A small thing. You give the semaglutide diabetes ladder as ending at 2.0 mg and the weight ladder at 2.4 mg, without explaining why the same molecule has two ceilings for two indications. It looks arbitrary and I suspect it is not.
— F. Okonjo, Asaba
It is not arbitrary — the two maxima come from separate dose-selection programmes with different primary endpoints, and 2.0 mg was established against 1.0 mg in a dedicated glycaemic comparison. We have added a clause. The underlying point, that indication shapes the ladder as much as the molecule does, is worth more space than we gave it.
On “The trade has decided the ceiling is arbitrary. The trials disagree.” — Pharmacology, 15 Feb 2025
I had a nine-week gap last year because my supplier stopped answering messages. Nobody in any clinical setting I dealt with treated that as a pharmacological event. Your framing of supply interruption as a dosing decision is the first time I have seen it written down.
— P. Hollingsworth, Norwich
On “The trade has decided the ceiling is arbitrary. The trials disagree.” — Pharmacology, 15 Feb 2025
You keep insisting on peptide content rather than purity when discussing dose certainty. I have looked at a dozen certificates from four different testing services and content is reported on perhaps a third of them. What are readers supposed to do with an absence?
— A. Kirkbride, Leeds
Treat the nominal figure as an upper bound and say so out loud when reasoning about a dose. It is an unsatisfying answer and it is the honest one. We have argued in Analytics that content should be a standard reported field, and we will keep naming the services that report it and those that do not.
On “Why a dead-clean sterile filter can pass pyrogen straight through” — The Supply Chain, 15 Feb 2025
Your endotoxin table gives vial 12 at 112 EU per vial and then declines to say whether that is dangerous. I understand why. It is still frustrating to read a figure of that size next to the sentence "arithmetic, not a safety assessment".
— E. Adamou, Nicosia
We understand the frustration and we are going to keep doing it. The figure sits at roughly a third of the hourly systemic allowance for a 70 kg adult if the whole vial were administered at once, which is a comparison a reader can make. What we cannot do is turn a single determination on one vial into a statement about a person, and pretending otherwise would be the more serious failure.
On “Why a dead-clean sterile filter can pass pyrogen straight through” — The Supply Chain, 15 Feb 2025
You write that recombinant factor C is insensitive to the glucan branch of the cascade. It would be worth adding why anybody cares: cellulose filter media and certain paper wrappings shed glucans, and a laboratory that has chased a false positive through three repeat assays will never willingly go back to a reagent that responds to them.
— G. Kalinowski, Poznań
On “Why a dead-clean sterile filter can pass pyrogen straight through” — The Supply Chain, 15 Feb 2025
Your table of responses records four declines citing research-use-only status, and you call that a legally sound answer. It is also the answer that ends the conversation. What would you have a supplier say instead?
— S. Rajapaksa, Colombo
Something like: this product is sold for research use, is not represented as a sterile injectable, and here is what we nonetheless do — aseptic fill in a classified environment, bioburden to a stated specification, post-use filter integrity testing. Three of our correspondents said close to that. It concedes nothing legally and tells a reader a great deal.
On “Why a dead-clean sterile filter can pass pyrogen straight through” — The Supply Chain, 15 Feb 2025
I have worked in aseptic fill for nineteen years and your section on media fills understates one thing. The scale is not the hard part. Running the simulation with every intervention the real process contains — every stopper jam, every environmental sample, every gowning break — is the hard part, and a simulation that omits the interventions is theatre with a growth medium in it.
— S. Grootveld, Rotterdam
That is a better statement of the point than ours and we have amended the section to make the interventions explicit. The scale figure without the intervention requirement is exactly the sort of number that gets quoted as reassurance.
On “How a claim degrades between the bench and the listing” — The Ledger, 14 Feb 2025
VendorInvestigate does not measure anything and you have grouped it with three laboratories under the heading independent testing. That is exactly the conflation your article says the market makes.
— B. Wojciechowski, Kraków
A fair hit. The tag under which this coverage sits predates the distinction we now draw, and we have added the distinction to the second paragraph and to the table. The department name will follow at the next reorganisation of the site.
On “How a claim degrades between the bench and the listing” — The Ledger, 14 Feb 2025
On the archive point: a public record of submissions by vendor would be gamed within a month. Vendors would submit under the names of resellers, or through intermediaries, and the archive would show a distribution as selected as the current one but with a veneer of completeness.
— B. Tejeda, Santo Domingo
Probably true in part, and it is the strongest argument against our proposal. Our answer is that gaming requires effort and leaves traces, which the present arrangement does not, and that a partially gamed record is more informative than no record. We would not claim more than that.
On “How a claim degrades between the bench and the listing” — The Ledger, 14 Feb 2025
You note that no service offers sterility testing and that it takes fourteen days. Worth saying more plainly: a purity certificate and a sterility assurance are not merely different tests, they are different disciplines with different facilities, and no amount of chromatography will ever bear on it.
— R. Devaney, Ballarat, VIC
Correct and worth the emphasis. We have said it in the certificates piece and should say it here too: nothing any of these four services sells addresses sterility, endotoxin or container closure integrity, and no combination of their reports adds up to one.
On “What the GLP-1 receptor actually does when tirzepatide binds it” — Explainers, 14 Feb 2025
Your accumulation table gives 2.0 for a seven-day half-life at weekly dosing. I make it 2.0 as well, but I would point out that this assumes complete absorption of each dose, which for subcutaneous peptides is a generous assumption.
— J. Halloway, Dundee
Correct, and the table now carries that caveat. The ratio is unaffected by a constant bioavailability factor, but the absolute concentrations obviously are.
On “What the GLP-1 receptor actually does when tirzepatide binds it” — Explainers, 14 Feb 2025
As a community pharmacist I would add one thing to your section on missed doses: the label window matters less than whether the patient then double-doses to "catch up". I have seen that twice this year and both times the patient believed they were following instructions.
— K. Oyibo, Benin City
Noted, and worth stating plainly: the pharmacokinetics give no basis whatever for doubling a dose after an omission. We will say so explicitly next time the subject comes up.
On “What the GLP-1 receptor actually does when tirzepatide binds it” — Explainers, 14 Feb 2025
The claim that nothing at baseline predicts response is too strong. Surely baseline BMI, sex and diabetes status shift the expected outcome — the trials stratify on exactly those variables.
— K. Erdmann, Leipzig
They shift the mean, which is why the trials stratify. They barely narrow the distribution around it, which is the claim we made. Both statements are in the responder analyses and we should have distinguished them more carefully in the paragraph you are objecting to.
On “Side effects, cost, supply, target: four reasons with four trajectories” — The Ledger, 13 Feb 2025
Three months after stopping, my HbA1c had barely moved and I concluded I had got away with it. Six months after stopping, it was back where it started. Your point about the lag is the single most useful sentence I have read on this subject.
— W. Stroud, Chattanooga, TN
On “A few hundred participants carry the whole body-composition argument” — Laboratory Notebook, 13 Feb 2025
The soft-tissue artefact point in your bone section is underplayed. In a patient losing twenty per cent of body mass the change in overlying tissue is well outside the range the calibration was validated over, and the published analyses do not report a sensitivity analysis for it. That is not a caveat, it is a gap.
— E. Nkomo, Polokwane
We accept the escalation and have strengthened the wording. The absence of any published sensitivity analysis is, as you say, the more damaging observation.
On “A few hundred participants carry the whole body-composition argument” — Laboratory Notebook, 13 Feb 2025
My mother is eighty-one and on a low dose for her diabetes. Her weight is down nine kilograms and she now struggles to get out of a low chair, which she did not eighteen months ago. Nobody has measured anything. I do not know whether this is the drug, the weight loss, or being eighty-one, and neither does anybody I have asked.
— J. Costanzo, Naples
That is the situation the missing endpoint produces, and we are sorry to have no better answer. A chair-stand time takes thirty seconds to measure and would at least establish a baseline against which the next six months could be judged. It is worth asking for by name.
On “A few hundred participants carry the whole body-composition argument” — Laboratory Notebook, 13 Feb 2025
You write that no trial has measured strength. There are observational cohorts with grip strength data. Why do you insist on randomised measurement?
— C. Aguirre, Rosario
Because grip strength in an observational cohort of people who chose to take a drug, and who differ from those who did not in age, motivation and comorbidity, cannot separate the drug effect from the selection. We report those cohorts and we do not treat them as answering the question.
On “A few hundred participants carry the whole body-composition argument” — Laboratory Notebook, 13 Feb 2025
As a DXA technologist of twenty-two years I would add one thing to your precision section: the largest source of error in practice is not the machine, it is positioning. A patient scanned with their arms two centimetres further from their trunk will report different regional values. We are trained to a protocol and the protocol is not always followed.
— G. Rasmussen, Odense
We should have said this and did not. It also argues for what you presumably practise: same device, same technologist, same protocol, and a note in the record when any of those changes.
On “A few hundred participants carry the whole body-composition argument” — Laboratory Notebook, 13 Feb 2025
I am sixty-eight, I have lost nineteen kilograms over fourteen months, and my consultant has twice told me my lean mass is fine on the basis of a handheld bioimpedance device in the clinic corridor. Having read your piece on what that device measures, I am no longer sure what I have been reassured about.
— N. Prasetyo, Surabaya
Nor are we. A handheld device measures impedance across the upper body and infers the rest, and the inference is least reliable exactly where you sit: older, substantial weight change, changing hydration. That is not a criticism of your consultant’s judgement, which may be sound on other grounds, but the device is not the evidence for it.
On “The reference change value: the number that tells you whether a delta is real” — Patient Notes, 12 Feb 2025
As a biomedical scientist I would add one point to your reference-interval section: many laboratories do not derive their own intervals at all. They adopt the manufacturer interval for the platform, which was established in a population that may have nothing to do with the one being tested. The interval on the report can be a document about a different country.
— T. Aoyama, Nagoya
This is correct, common, and something we should have stated. We have added it, and it strengthens rather than weakens the argument for within-person comparison.
On “The reference change value: the number that tells you whether a delta is real” — Patient Notes, 12 Feb 2025
You give the reference change value for ALT as about sixty per cent, which strikes me as so large as to make routine monitoring of it pointless. Is that your position?
— S. Weatherall, Newcastle, NSW
Not quite. It makes monitoring for small movements pointless, which is different. A doubling is well outside the RCV and is a real signal; a rise from 28 to 41 is not. The value of the test lies in detecting the former, and much of the anxiety it generates comes from acting on the latter.
On “Maximum tolerated is not maximum approved” — Patient Notes, 12 Feb 2025
Your piece treats the four-week step as arithmetic, and I accept the arithmetic, but my prescriber moved me up every two weeks and I reached the top dose without difficulty. I do not think the schedule is as constraining as you suggest.
— A. Salcedo, Bilbao
Nor do we, and the file should have been clearer. The four-week interval is a floor below which the previous rung is still accumulating, not a threshold below which escalation is unsafe. Plenty of people tolerate faster ascent. Our objection is to the inverse inference — that because you did, everybody should — and to the absence of a trial that would let anyone say which is which in advance.
On “Which results are findings and which are consequences of the weight loss” — Clinical Trials, 11 Feb 2025
My HbA1c was 6.1 before starting and 6.0 after four months. My clinic recorded this as no improvement in glycaemic control. My continuous monitor says my average glucose fell by a fifth over the same period. Which is measuring what?
— G. Escalante, Lima
Both are measuring correctly and the discrepancy is worth pursuing with your clinic rather than with us. A 0.1-point change is well inside the reference change value for HbA1c, so the assay has not detected a change; whether that is because the change is genuinely small or because something is affecting your glycation is not answerable from the numbers alone.
On “Which results are findings and which are consequences of the weight loss” — Clinical Trials, 11 Feb 2025
You describe the low-T3 pattern during energy restriction as benign adaptation. There is a body of opinion holding that it represents a genuine hypometabolic state requiring treatment. I do not hold that view but your readers will encounter it.
— D. Iversen, Aalborg
They will, and we should have named it in order to say why we do not report it. There is no randomised evidence that treating the low-T3 pattern of energy restriction improves any outcome, and there is a mechanistic argument that suppressing an adaptive response is unlikely to help. We report it as adaptation for those reasons and would report a trial that changed the picture.
On “Which results are findings and which are consequences of the weight loss” — Clinical Trials, 11 Feb 2025
A small thing but it matters in practice: your table gives amylase and lipase rising as a finding of unclear significance. In my laboratory we no longer report amylase at all for suspected pancreatitis, because lipase is more sensitive and more specific and having both invites the wrong one to be acted on.
— M. Fitzhenry, Cork
A reasonable position and increasingly the standard one. We report amylase because the trial data reported it, not because we think it should be ordered.
On “Which results are findings and which are consequences of the weight loss” — Clinical Trials, 11 Feb 2025
My ferritin fell from 118 to 34 across a year on treatment and I was told this was expected because inflammation had fallen. Six months later I was clearly iron deficient. I appreciate the section on this being ambiguous, but the ambiguity was resolved in one direction and nobody looked.
— A. Nazarian, Glendale, CA
That is the failure mode the ambiguity produces, and it is the reason a transferrin saturation alongside costs almost nothing and resolves the question. We are sorry it went that way.
On “The badge economy, and what it is actually certifying” — Analytics, 10 Feb 2025
You note that no service offers sterility testing and that it takes fourteen days. Worth saying more plainly: a purity certificate and a sterility assurance are not merely different tests, they are different disciplines with different facilities, and no amount of chromatography will ever bear on it.
— C. Tremonti, Palermo
Correct and worth the emphasis. We have said it in the certificates piece and should say it here too: nothing any of these four services sells addresses sterility, endotoxin or container closure integrity, and no combination of their reports adds up to one.
On “The badge economy, and what it is actually certifying” — Analytics, 10 Feb 2025
The price table is the most useful thing you have published this year and also the thing most likely to be quoted out of context by somebody selling a comparison service. You might consider a note.
— G. Thorbjørnsen, Tromsø
There is one, and we have strengthened it. The figures are what this publication was invoiced at list rates and are not quotations a reader should expect; volume submitters pay materially less.
On “Amylin is not an incretin, and cagrilintide is not a GLP-1 agonist” — Explainers, 10 Feb 2025
Your table lists orforglipron with a half-life of 29 to 49 hours. That is a wide range to report as a single figure. What accounts for it?
— G. Rasmussen, Odense
Dose and study population, mostly. We should have given the two bounding studies rather than a range with no attribution, and the table has been amended.
On “Amylin is not an incretin, and cagrilintide is not a GLP-1 agonist” — Explainers, 10 Feb 2025
Your piece states that moving the injection day does not change total exposure, and I accept the arithmetic, but I want to record that it changed my experience considerably. I moved from Monday morning to Thursday evening and the two worst days now fall on a weekend. The drug is doing the same thing; my week is not.
— C. Aguirre, Rosario
This is exactly the distinction we were trying to draw and evidently drew badly. Total exposure is unchanged; the phase relationship between peak concentration and your working week is not. We have added a sentence to that effect.
On “Amylin is not an incretin, and cagrilintide is not a GLP-1 agonist” — Explainers, 10 Feb 2025
I have read three separate articles this month describing cagrilintide as a GLP-1 agonist and one describing tirzepatide as "semaglutide with an extra bit". Thank you for the glossary. Please run it again.
— J. Costanzo, Naples
On “Before anything is weighed, the peptide has to be charged” — Laboratory Notebook, 9 Feb 2025
I have spent a week trying to reconcile a certificate’s stated mass of 4113.6 with a figure of 4111.1 I calculated from the sequence, and had convinced myself something was wrong with the vial. It was the isotope convention. Thank you, and also: how is this not stated on every certificate in existence?
— H. Baptiste, Fort-de-France
We wish we knew. It is the single most common source of spurious discrepancies reaching this desk, it costs nothing to state, and we have now asked all twenty companies in the dossier programme to add it. Three have.
On “Why your laboratory interval differs from the one in the textbook” — Patient Notes, 8 Feb 2025
Your piece assumes readers have a clinician ordering panels for them. A great many of us are buying our own, from services that supply an interval, a flag and nothing else. The apparatus you describe is not available to us at all.
— T. Elorriaga, San Sebastián
It is available, with effort: published biological variation databases are open, the reference change value is one line of arithmetic, and your own previous result is the comparator that does most of the work. But you are right that the market supplying these panels has no incentive to include any of it, and that is worth stating.